Municiple Solid Waste Processing Procedures

commercial compost turner machine

All living beings on the earth from human beings to animals to microbes are made up of 5 basic elements i. e earth , sun water, air and ether which is called "Panch Tatvas". Nine of the Gods has created any thing worth calling waste. It is man's ignorance and lack of concern, which leads to discard, throw and dump such materials. with the increased pressure on life and paucity of life and paucity of time coupled with rapid urbanization, the quantity of discarded materials referred to as wastes is increasing in geometrical proportions worldwide

Management of such discarded wastes is now a challenging tasks in all the urban and semi urban areas specially the task of prompt collection- transportation and disposal. Several other items such as metals, paper products, wood plastic are getting lost in the garbage dumps thereby putting fresh demand on non renewable energy sources. The hollstic approach calls for integration of technologies for processing treatment to recover various usable products such as compost, fuel pellets, plastic granules, metals to the maximum extent so as minimize burden on the land filling, And also to conserve the natural resources,

1) COMPOSTING

Composting is most essential component of Solid Waste processing. The short-term biodegradable waste mainly pre-cocking and post eating residues of food waste, left over of fruits, vegetables and other eatables which has high moisture content and low calorific value is also a major cause of environmental problems starting from mal-odors of breeding of disease pathogens, files, etc. This component of MSW requires prompt sanitization and biostabilsation followed by recovery of compost for nutrient recycling in agriculture. we recommend Compost Turner Machines for MSW composting, because they are large output and extremely efficient.

2) SANITISATION

Due to hot weather condition and richness of biosolid in terms of mineral nutrition protein and carbohydrate energy, these wastes are quickly invaded by pathogenic microorganisms and become the source of foul smell and spreading of diseases.These wastes are also great source for multiplication of flies, which becomes the carries for pathogenic bacteria. Therefore under the tropical and sub - tropical conditions all the bisosolid waste must be given a sanitization treatment with natural herbal extracts and bio-enzymes and not to resort to use of chemical disinfectants, as these chemicals often interfere with natural bio-conversion process besides leaving toxic residues.

3) PRE - SORTING   The waste received from transfer station is first taken to pre - sorting shed which is covered place where the tippers unload the waste immediately into tipping plat form The unloaded waste is fed into a feeder hopper by the help of grapple equipment /I.C.B./ Tractor.   The material reaches the prosorting 100 mm tromnal the under flow 100 mm is dropped in to a tractor trolley where one or two labour pick manually the non- degradable / bulk inerts etc and send it to a separate place. The trolley takes the under flow to the concrete pad for degradation. The - 100 material also will be collected by a similar trolley and takes this to R. D. F. area.

At R. D. F. area it will be spread the thinly where the innerts etc. will be manually picked up by the Labors Like wise, it is proposed to have one set of pre- segregation trommel.

Which operate simultaneously with the help of seven trolleys. The innerts like plastics, rubber metal glasses, and fabrics will be stored separately near R.D.F. area for R. D.F manufacture or direct sales.

4) Decomposition of Segregated Degradable Waste The waste received from the peregrination trommel (after manual segregation of recyclables / non-degradables) is shifted to compost pad.   5) The Windows of Formation The windrows of 4m x 2.5m is formed and the culture sprayed and allowed for degradation for seven days.   6) Windrows Platform 50 thick compacted clay/ concrete platform having permeability coefficient less than & 10 cm/ sec. & slope 1 to 2%

7) Turning of Windrows

The windrows are turned / disturbed / loosened at the end of every seventh day.

8) Equipment Heavy duty front and pay loader/excavators are used for turning the windrows conveniently.   9) Moisture, Temperature, and Aeration The organic waste is degraded under the control the conditions of mosisture, temperature, Aeration, C. N. ratio and PH in order to have microbial aerobic windrow method of degradation of waste in to the much needed organic manure for the carbon deficient soils of India   10) Add on Material If CN ratio is less add straw sand dust papers taken CN 20:40 If CN ratio more adds sewage sludge slaughter waste etc.

11) Prevention of Pollution

The MSW generally pollutes the environment by way of foul smell, leach ate generation, spread of diseases, contamination of soil, underground & surface water bodies. flies. birds. pigs. dogs menace etc. The pollution hazards likely to be caused will be controlled on the compost pad where aeration is provided under appropriate moisture level so that the degrading micro organism multiplies immensely and attacks the organic matter during which time the temperature increase in side.the garbage mass killing the harmful pathogens. The temperature increase thus sanities the waste mass and subsequently encourages breaking down process leading to stabilization of organic matter called humus. The temperature also kills weed seeds, insects eggs. Like the turning of windrows three to four times over a period of thirty days will continue under controlled conditions. Adequate oxygen throughout the mass normally ensure by turning.

12) Organic Manure

The sanitized and stabilized organic matter when attains the status of humus it will be fine powder, black in color and gives earthy aroma. The manure will not have heavy metals and a hazardous material have NKP micro organism. micro nutrients which will not be present in the inorganic fertilizer.

13) Leacheat Generation Run Off

The leach ate generated during the course of degradation will be led through the leach ate drains in to a leach ate tank. This will be precisely recycled since it acts as conserving moisture. nutrient, micro organisms.

14) Laminated Plastic Sheets

The Plastic sheets used to protect the waste becoming wet during rainy season since activity will be going on in an open area.

15) Monsoon Shed

30 days degraded organic matter will be shifted to the covered area so that the processing could continue with out hindrance even during the monsoon days.

16) Processing of the degraded organic matter

The Compost plant consists of one set of rotary screen of 35 mm 14mm and 6mm

17) 35mm Screen

The under pass of 35mm is passed directly to the next screen

18) 14mm Screen

The under pass of 35mm is screened in 14 mm screen

19) Rejects

The rejects of 35 and 14mm which may contain non degradable and plastic bits will be made use of for RDF to the extent of its suitability and the balance goes to land fill as cover material.

20) 6mm Final Screen The under flow of 14 will lead the manure to 6 mm final screen. This screen will have a magnetic separator before gets screened. This will arrest iron filings etc.   21) Maturity/ Curing Shed The finished material is allowed for curing under the shed for minimum 10-15 days.   22) No Crushing & Grinding Finishing The machinery proposed not have crushing & grinding facility therefore the chances of manure containing glass pieces are less.

23) De - stoning Facility The final product is passed through a gravity separator to eliminate the sand silica etc.   24) 6 mm Reject This will be used as a pit fill manure to sold at a very cheap price or could be utilized as a cover material for land fill.

25) Mixing After screening form 4 mm screen you can pass the compost from liquid aid mixer to maintain the moisture

26) Packing : After liquid aid mixer your material is ready for packing

27) Fuel pellets/ Rdf : Most important component of MSW   Most important component of MSW Processing. The homogeneous material will be received in the form of bales at one end of the screw conveyor and as fluffs on the other end of screw conveyor. The bales and fluffs will be utilized based on the need for various purposes.The rejects +100 mm, +35 mm received from pre - segregation trommel is used for preparing RDF after manual pickup of the innerts. The plastics, rubber, metal, glass, fabrics etc. are shifted to specific place for storage.

28) Innerts Processing All waste processing facilities as well as technologies have great problem with sand, slit, earth ash in the premises three is increasing disposal of construction materials, sand, processing technologies. This component of waste can be separated through mechanical means as well as by management control by separate lifting and storage for re-use . " Debris " can be processed properly and converted into civil bricks hollow blocks or clean sand stone - metal. These environment friendly construction materials are excellent answer for handing of major MSW Contaminants The innerts obtained during above processing will be processed making bricks, sand and jelly depending on the type of insert available OR stones & debris are crushed to convert into usual concrete for civil construction.

29) Plastic Recycling In larger cities, with the concept of shopping malls and plazas as well as due to change in the living style the convent of plastic in MSW is increasing @ 5 to 7% per year. Currently in most of the larger size cities. The content of plastic is 4 to 6%. In neighboring countries. the content of plastic item is 4 to 6%. It has been observed that even 1% plastic [by weight] disposal in the sanitary landfill occupies 8 times more space [ volume wise]. Thereby increase the landfill area requirement as well as operating cost. In view of this, it is essential to consider recycling of plastic as an integrated part of MSW Processing facilities

30) Landfill Non degradable mixed with undigested MSW put into underground with safe scientific way i.e. a geopolyclothe spread out over a thick cushion sand. then above it land fill material is covered in it with suitable gas ven arrangement